Posts tagged "changes in law"

Pranic Therapy Vi

Pranic Therapy Part VI

All the four forces in the Universe – weak nuclear force, strong nuclear
force, electricity & magnetism -are but different manifestations of
that Unitary power which the Vedists call Prana. Using this Vital Energy
to heal is called Pranic Therapy. This article is a continuation of the
earlier article Pranic Therapy Part V.

Integral Life & the Universal Stream of Consciousness, Prana

Never in the integral view developed in ancient India was life regarded
as restricted to certain cellular activities. Rather, life is a Universal
stream of Consciousness known as Prana in the Upanishads &
Consciousness- Force ( Chit Shakti ) in the Tantras. Each living being
represents a centre around which Prana moves at different levels known
as sheaths ( koshas). At the core of this multistoreyed personality
structure is the locus of the Self, known as the Atman.The Upanishads
state that just as the spokes of a wheel are fixed at the hub, so also
Prana and all psycho-physical structures are fixed in the Self. The
Self ( Atman ) is the Master Controller of Life that Western science
is seeking. The Vijnanamaya Kosha ( Intellectual Sheath) & the
Anandamaya Kosha ( Bliss Sheath ) are the sheaths where the light
of the Self is experienced.

The unattached Self, exercises its power through the Will ( known
as Dhrti), which in Yogic psychology is regarded as the dynamic aspect of
intelligence. With the help of the pure Will, a Yogi is able to keep all his
sense organs, all activities and mind under control, says the Geetha.
Acquisition of this pure will is the result of a Spiritual Awakening. This
Awakening, which takes place only through prolonged & intense spiritual
struggles, opens the divine door in the heart. This gives the yogi access
to all kosas or the five sheaths. He gains the capacity to open each kosa
to the stream of the Cosmic Prana. The stream of universal life flushes
out impurities & diseases from the personality system and brings in new
vigour and strength.

The world is overcome, aye even here,
By such that fix their faith on Unity
The sinless Brahma ( Absolute ) dwells in Unity,
And they in Brahma ( Absolute )! ( The Song Celestial )

The Cause all Disease – “Fault of Awarenes”

Intense striving alone can pave the way for this kind of yogic self-
mastery. But an inner alertness & some degree of general
supervision over all his activites such as eating, sleeping,exercise,
response to stressful situations etc can be attained by anyone.
It is failure of this inner watchfulness, known as Prajnaparadha or
“Fault of Awareness “, caused by ignorance and negligence that
makes a person yield to evil thoughts and deeds that is the root
cause of all diseases. .

Of the triune attributes of Nature – Rajas, Thamas and Satwa
( humanity, bestiality, divinity ), both Rajas ( humanity ) & Thamas
( bestiality ) are pathogenic. Satwa is non-pathogenic meaning
that living in rhythm with Nature can save us from diseases.

Charaka Samhita, an authentic treaitse on Ayurveda states
“The disturbance of the three humours are caused by Prajnapara-
dha, produced by the distortion of the intellect, will & memory ” .
Some of the aetiological factors are carelessness, lack of alertness,
forgetfulness & misuse of will power.The root cause of most of
the psychosomatic or constitutional disorders is Prajnaparadha,
the misuse of our cognitive and conative faculties. It is our
unconscious way of living, not in conformity with natural law, that
is the primary cause of illness.

Health can be restored by changing our way of living to a Self-
directed style. Hyperacidity, rheumatism, irritable bowel
syndrome and similar disorders are the body’s alarm signals
We can bring about integration of the personality if we extend our
Consciousness into the interior parts of the body & bring these
neglected areas closer to the light of the Self. This integration
fortifies our immune system and restores the coordination,
rhythm and balance in the working of the different organs. This
kind of extension of Consciousness can be done in different ways.

Extension of Consciousness by Meditation

The inner awareness which is the result of absorption in Meditation
can be extended into the affected part of the body through concentrative
visualization. If these meditative techniques are practised for some
days, the process of self-renewal & self-defence gets accelerated
and healing takes place automatically.

The Triune Meditation- ( Physical, Verbal & Mental )

Reverence for preceptors,continence, nonviolence – these constitute
Physical Meditation.

Speaking kind words, adherence to Truth, Self-study – these constitute
Verbal Meditation.

Cheerfulness, humility, silence, purity of heart – these constitute Mental
Meditation

Maintaining Yin-Yang balance

Everything in Life has opposites, Yin-Yang. (Yin is expansion and Yang
is contraction ). The most common yin-yang imbalance is stress arousal.
Stress arousal increases the adrenaline & cortisol levels which inhibits
the immune system. Stress is misplaced effort & takes away the energy
required for healing.

Ultradian healing response is the second major yin-yang balance. Every
one and a half to 2 hours , our mind-body goes through a period of
daydream or slowing called the ‘Ultradian healing response’. We are
neglecting our healing cycle if we artificially keep perked up with coffee,
cigarettes, alcoholism or workaholism. Daydreaming, meditation &
quiet time allows us to take advantage of this Ultradian healing cycle.

The foundation of Life – The Superconscient

Modern Psychology & Psychoanalysis deals with the Subconscious &
Unconscious. Aurobindo averred that the Superconscient and not the
Subconscient is the foundation of life. The Fourfold Yoga is the science
of the Superconscious Mind. The mind via meditation opens up to the
Superconscient and healing takes up automatically.

Jung spiritualised Psycho-Analysis and was not an atheist like Freud.
Modern psychology is an infant science, rash, fumbling and crude. In
it the universal habit of the human mind, to highlight a half-truth and
generalise it unduly, runs riot here. Freudian psychoanalysis is half-
knowledge & half-knowledge is dangerous & can be an impediment
in the realisation of Absolute Truth. Neither the Subconscious
(which modern psychology highlights) – nor the Unconscious (which
Psychoanalysis highlights) are the important elements.The Supercon-
scious, and not the subconscious ( or the Unconscious ) is the
foundation of Life. The science of the Superconscient is Yoga
( whose Western equivalent is Free Masonry.) The Superconscient
is our evolutionary future as the subconscient was our evolutionary past.

( To be continued )

Article by G Kumar, Astrologer, writer & programmer of www.eastrovedica.com. Recently he was awarded a Certificate by the Planetary Gemologists Association Global ( www.p-g-a.org ) as a Planetary Gem Advisor. He has 25 years psychic research experience in the esoteric arts. To subscribe to his free informative Ezine, the Z Files mailto:info@eastrovedica.com?subject=SubscribeZF. His Astro blog is up at http://www.zodiacastrology.blogspot.com & his Philosophy blog is http://transcendentalphilosophy.blogspot.com Mobile 091 9388556053

G Kumar
http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/pranic-therapy-vi-62418.html

For the U.s. Economy in the New Year, the Pain Will Precede the Promise

If there’s a proverb that captures the outlook for the U.S. economy in the New Year, it’s the one that says: “It’s always darkest before the dawn.”

Regardless of any formal announcement of whether or not the United States drops into an actual recession, the ongoing credit crisis guarantees a contraction of the American economy by virtually every measure we know. That period of darkness will be marked by a dramatic slowdown in economic activity, as well as by rising unemployment, additional declines in U.S. stock prices, and constant volatility. It could last as long as 12-18 months.

But when the dawn does come, it will be one to remember. If U.S. President-elect Barack Obama gets it right – and I have every reason to believe that he will – then investors will be presented with the greatest investment opportunity of our generation. At that point, shares of American companies will be at such low levels that wholesale buying by individuals, mutual funds, pension funds, institutional money managers, and foreign-controlled sovereign wealth funds, will generate gains that will not only make us whole, they will make us rich once again.

A Market Mandela

Creating an analysis of the U.S. economy’s outlook for the New Year is akin to creating a mandala, a geometric work of art whose pattern, symbolically or metaphysically, represents a microcosm of the universe from the human perspective. In some Buddhist temples, mandalas are made of tiny colored beads, painstakingly created by several monks as a form of meditation. In celebration of the ever-changing nature of the universe, the mandala is then joyously shaken by its creators, until it is once again nothing more than chaos embodied in a box of colored beads.

Regardless of the big picture, analysis of a mandala – or the economy – always starts at the center and emanates outward. With the U.S. economy, that centerpiece is credit. The credit crisis has shaken the complex mandala that is our economy and transformed the United States economy into chaos. It’s complex because this economic-forecast mandala derived its form from thousands of individual pieces – in the case of the economy, from scores of data points, many of which are currently dark and foreboding.

The credit crisis we are experiencing results from the contraction – or worse, the cessation – of lending. Under normal circumstances, institutions and markets freely facilitate capital movement between lenders and borrowers. But that’s not happening, now.

Because of a lack of transparency into the balance sheets of borrowers holding such complex and illiquid securities as collateralized debt obligations, credit-default swaps, and non-performing loans, and because of increasing recessionary fears affecting businesses and households, lenders don’t want to increase their loan exposure. Banks are holding onto the cash and liquid securities they control, using them as a cushion against their own potential losses. The U.S. Treasury Department’s direct-to-bank capital injections do not alter these banking realities. In fact, as a Money Morning investigative story recently demonstrated, instead of using these taxpayer-provided infusions to increase their lending, these banks are using the money to finance takeover deals.

The Recipe for a Recession

Whether or not the United States is technically in a recession ultimately will be divined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). The business-cycle dating committee of this privately run, nonprofit economic research group is right now studying five factors in an attempt to determine if the United States has entered a recession and, if so, when that downturn started, MarketWatch.com reported. Those five factors are:

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• Industrial production.
• Employment
• Income.
• Retail sales.

Regardless of any formal announcement by the NBER of whether we’re in a recession, the credit crisis guarantees a general contraction of economic activity, by every measure.

“Any doubt that we’re officially in a recession can be put aside,” Anthony Karydakis, former chief U.S. economist for JPMorgan Asset Management (JPM) – and now a professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business – recently wrote in Fortune magazine. “The rapid deterioration of labor markets points to a sharp decline in hours worked and output in the fourth quarter. This is likely to lead to a decline in personal consumption to the tune of 5.0% or so for that period. Since [consumer spending] makes up about 70% of the economy, the stage has already been set for real GDP to shrink at a more than 4.0% rate in the fourth quarter.”

Confirmation of that belief is evident by looking at each of the NBER’s five key indicators.

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The U.S. Commerce Department estimated that the U.S. economy, as measured by GDP, rose 0.9% in the first quarter. In the second quarter, GDP advanced an estimated 2.8%. For the third quarter, GDP declined an estimated 0.3%. My own econometric models suggest that GDP actually contracted at a 1.5% pace in the third quarter and will decline another 2.75% in the fourth quarter. For the year, that would mean the U.S. economy actually fell 0.55%. The U.S. economy last posted a full year’s negative GDP in 1991, when it declined 0.2%. Verdict: Recession.
• Industrial Production: This measure of output by the nation’s factories and mines dropped 2.8% in September, and a very steep 6.0% in the third quarter. Verdict: Recession.
• Employment: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics announced Friday that October’s unemployment rate was 6.5%, a jump of 0.4%, which was double what most economists expected, and also its highest level in 14 years. The economy has now lost a total of 1.2 million jobs since the beginning of the year, with nearly half of those losses occurring in the last three months alone, pointing to an acceleration in the pace of erosion in labor markets. Karydakis, the Stern School professor, wrote in
  Fortune : “By way of comparison, during the 2001 recession and in the sluggish growth that followed in 2002-03, the unemployment rate reached a peak of only 6.3%, in June 2003. We’ve already exceeded that mark and, given that we are still in the early phase of the current recession, the unemployment rate should be expected to push toward the 7.5% range – and possibly higher – during the next three months to six months.”
  Verdict: Recession.
• Income: Personal income increased $24.5 billion, or 0.2%, and disposable personal income (DPI) increased $25.7 billion, or 0.2%, in September. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) decreased $33.6 billion, or 0.3%. Excluding the rebate payments made to U.S. taxpayers under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, DPI increased $30.3 billion, or 0.3%, in September, and increased $44.0 billion, or 0.4%, in August. Verdict: Too close to call.
• Retail Sales: October retail sales are coming in well below already-diminished expectations, and some reports have been downright depressing – including The Neiman Marcus Group Inc. -26.8%; The Gap Inc. (GPS) -16%; The Nordstrom Group (JWN) -15.7%; J.C. Penny Co. Inc. (JCP) -13%; Kohl’s Corp. (KSS) -9%; Ltd. Brands Inc. (LTD) -9%; Target Corp. Inc. (TGT) -4.8%; and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) +2.4%. In a report last week, Moody’s Investors Service (MCO) projected that the retail sector’s woes will continue into 2009 as consumers cut back on buying apparel, footwear and accessories “in order to save money for essentials.” The credit rating firm said in a separate report that holiday spending “will prove even weaker than expected,” amid October’s financial-market swoon. Verdict: Recession.

If U.S. exports are taken out of the GDP calculations going back to January, it’s apparent that there has been very little domestic growth in the economy. And when revisions are finalized in the next few months, we’ll be looking back at the recession that we’re all but certain is upon us right now. Until the credit markets are freed up and borrowers are extended credit at reasonable rates, it’s unlikely that credit, the centerpiece of the economy, will be anything other than a major cog in the wheel.

There are some signs of a thaw, but not anytime soon. The U.S. Federal Reserve’s lowering of the Fed Funds target rate to 1.0%, and coordinated rate reductions by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, as well as other major world-wide central banks, may start to ease the stranglehold gripping the worldwide credit markets. The London interbank offered rate (Libor), a critical interest rate against which trillions of dollars of mortgages, bank loans and derivatives are priced, dropped to 2.39% last week from a high of 4.82% on Oct. 10.

The prospect of President-elect Obama’s choosing a different means of attacking the credit crisis will be closely watched and, by itself, may create an air of confidence that perceptions will change. But changed perceptions will not be enough.
The truth about our economic outlook is that it is predicated on demonstrably better transparency. If U.S. banks follow the lead of their European counterparts, which have recently been freed from fair-value, mark-to-market accounting, and which may retroactively mark assets to “internal models” back to July, then balance-sheet clarity will continue to be cloaked in darkness. Lack of confidence in the banking system will persist, especially among the banks themselves. The first order of attack needs to be the creation of a fundamental leadership position that leads to an open, transparent and accountable measure of balance sheet assets and liabilities. As long as failing banks are being propped up, this cycle of credit contraction will persist.

The outlook for the economy is inextricably tied to the price of oil. The run-up of benchmark crude this summer to the record $145 a barrel level, and its subsequent fall to half that level, has wreaked havoc throughout the economy. Similarly, the run-up in commodity prices, and their subsequent fall, also has caused a lot of damage. Together, the dramatic rise and fall in the pricde of oil and other commodities is a harbinger of greater volatility in the future.

Follow the Money

Follow the money. Capital rapidly inflated the tech-stock bubble. When that bubble burst, capital flowed into and flooded the hard-asset world of real estate. When that bubble burst fast, speculative money dove into oil and commodities. When the U.S. and world economies looked weak, those bubbles burst. The looming threat of inflation this past summer instantly gave way after the drop of oil, gold, metals and agricultural commodities. And now, deflation is seen as the looming threat on the horizon.

Which threat should we worry about?

The answer is – both. The prospect for near-term deflation seems all too real. As raw material prices fall and finished good prices fall due to a lack of purchasing power resulting from lack of credit and world-wide recessionary fears, the U.S. consumer has fundamentally changed his or her collective psychology. Is U.S. consumerism, which is responsible for 70% of GDP, in full retreat? If it is, as all measures project, then it’s likely that government stimulus efforts will overshoot their intended mark.
Just look at what the United States has done already as it battles this financial crisis. It has:

• Handed out more than $150 billion in stimulus rebate checks.
• Floated a $700 billion financial bailout rescue plan – almost $160 billion of which has already been placed.
• Bailed out American International Group Inc. (AIG), to the tune of $125 billion.
• Covered JP Morgan Chase & Co.’s bet on taking over
  The Bear Stearns Cos. – to the tune of $29 billion.
• Looked to lend struggling automakers $25 billion.
• Agreed to guarantee depositors at all banks.
• Stepped in to buy commercial paper that no one else will buy.
• Guaranteed money-market-fund investors.
• And backstopped the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC), Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE).

And now we’re getting wind of another stimulus package and more help for everyone.

If, in six months to a year, the credit markets are facilitating borrowers again, the massive buildup of U.S. debt will result in a falling dollar and higher interest rates.

That spells inflation.

A massive re-inflation of the economy portends another flood of speculative money into oil and commodities. The cycles are increasingly condensed, more volatile and will be increasingly more disruptive.

Welcome to the brave new world of global finance and speculation.

The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet has ballooned from $900 billion to more than $1.8 trillion. That’s 13% of GDP. The Treasury Department has telegraphed its intention to float $550 billion of debt in the fourth quarter and estimates it will have to float another $368 billion in the first quarter of 2009. Our national debt will then be close to 49% of GDP.

If there is an easing of credit in the economy, and borrowers come to market with the pent-up demand that has not been met for the past year, the competition for funds will raise interest rates. Higher interest rates will counter any stimulus effect from government programs.

Who will buy U.S. Treasury debt if the world is less apprehensive about credit quality? Lenders will once again seek higher returns, potentially forcing the Treasury Department to increase its rates. The potential of this event may sink the dollar if investors perceive that the U.S. economy is stagnant and the world is awash in dollars. The yield curve – the spread between the Treasury’s two-year and the 10-year paper – has been steepening. A steepening yield curve, where short-term borrowing costs are low and long-term rates considerably higher, is good for banks that borrow short and lend long.

But if the perception of risk diminishes, and the perception of future inflation increases, the yield curve will invert and the threat of rising rates will cause a sell-off in the short end of the curve and a rush into longer-dated maturities. Any increase in short-term interest rates would be painful for struggling banks. An inverted yield curve would be devastating, and inevitably would lead to more bank failures.

Home on the Range …

At the core of the U.S. economy sits a desperately ailing piece of the mandala – the U.S. housing market. The once bright prospect of home ownership, which historically formed a beautiful economic picture, right now doesn’t exist. For most Americans, the family home constituted the bulk of their wealth. Or at least it did. And this family financial portrait will get worse before it gets better, since the real estate collapse is far from over. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), for instance, projects another 15% drop in housing prices.

I think that’s conservative. Mortgage rates are actually rising as Fannie and Freddie have to pay higher interest on their short-term notes and bonds. Thirty-year fixed-rate mortgage paper averaged 6.47% last week, up from its 52-week low of 5.36%. The 15-year fixed paper was trading at 6.18%, up from its 52-week low of 4.91% (based on Bankrate.com (RATE) rate surveys). This trend is definitely not our friend. As housing prices continue to fall, and inventories stagnate and grow in many areas, homeowners are increasingly underwater and are increasingly entertaining foreclosure as a viable economic alternative to indentured servitude.
The Hope for Homeowners Plan, which looks to lower interest rates and reduce principal on mortgages, and which makes homeowners pay a share of the appreciation on their home to their lender when they sell it, was initiated in October and was expected to garner some 400,000 takers. As of last week, according to The Wall Street Journal, there had been only 42 takers. That’s not a misprint – 42 – I even checked with The Journal.

In the real estate realm, the proverbial “other shoe” hasn’t dropped yet, but certainly is dangling – and that’s commercial real estate. As homeowners writhe in agony and stop spending, retailers will go out of business, businesses of all stripes will suffer and commercial real estate will implode. The leverage left over from just the private equity foray into commercial real estate in the acquisitive 2006-2007 period is staggering. Refinancing will be impossible. Banks are stuck with hundreds of billions of dollars of leveraged loans that they took on as bridge and mezzanine financing from the private-equity shops alone, at the time believing they would be able to securitize those loans and sell them off to investors.

There’s no chance of that, now.

One deal in particular illustrates this entire mess. Private equity behemoth The Blackstone Group LP (BX) took Hilton Hotels Corp. private for $26 billion. Blackstone put up $6 billion of its own money as equity and borrowed the other $20 billion from Bear Stearns, Bank of America Corp. (BAC), Deutsche Bank AG (DB), Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley (MS), Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER) and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (OTC: LEHMQ).

Based on a current analysis of the deal at the multiple of seven times projected cash flow that the market currently puts on Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. (HOT) – Hilton’s nearest rival – if Blackstone values its property comparably, it will have to mark its Hilton holdings down 50%, because it paid 13 times projected cash flow. That wipes out all of Blackstone’s equity in the deal. What’s more, the $4 billion portion of the loan that Bear Stearns took on, courtesy of JP Morgan Chase casting off Bear’s orphaned liabilities, now sits on the Fed’s balance sheet – and isn’t likely to go anywhere anytime soon.

Until the real estate cycle completes its implosion and begins to stabilize, there’s nothing that will fundamentally alter the outlook for the economy. This is Ground Zero. President-elect Obama must resist creating only a political solution to the overwhelming economic problem of declining house prices and declining real estate prices in general. Any attempt to put a band aid on this economic plague will only delay the day of reckoning. I regret deeply the conclusion that the lake must be drained before we can realistically climb out of it. But there just aren’t enough ferrymen to get us all to shore.

Always a Silver Lining – My Forecast

The outlook for the economy is not rosy – and that’s an understatement. But there is a silver lining. Even in the near term, the stock market will present innumerable wealth-creation opportunities.

• First, there are plenty of shorting opportunities out there now, and more will present themselves in the future.
• Second, in due course – in perhaps 12-18 months – we will be presented with the investment opportunity of our generation. If President-elect Obama gets it right, and I believe he’s got the potential to bring us all together and get the country through this (and if you’re reading this Mr. President-elect, I’d like to put in my vote for [New York Fed President] Timothy Geithner as next U.S. treasury secretary), American companies will be able to be purchased so cheaply that fortunes will be made. The recovery will not only make us whole, it will make our people and our nation rich again.

I have absolutely no doubt that the United States will lead the world back into balance. The sea change that has arrived is the result of the conservative experiment having lost its true moorings, pushing the economy into disaster. Not that a wholesale swinging of the pendulum to the other side would be good. In fact, it would be disastrous. We have the potential to end up with a new, fair, transparent and judiciously regulated environment where capital formation can again spread its wings and the U.S. economy can fly.

There are new hands reaching into the colorful box of beads that comprise the American landscape and economy. From any human perspective, the United States is more than a microcosm of the universe; it is the center of the world as we know it. It will take time to construct the new mandala. We all need to meditate on the process to ensure that the design we embrace will ultimately be inclusive, forward-looking and – like all great art – an inspiration to all who view it.

[Editor’s Note: Contributing Editor R. Shah Gilani has toiled in the trading pits in Chicago, run trading desks in New York, operated as a broker/dealer and managed everything from hedge funds to currency accounts. In his recent investigation of the U.S. credit crisis, Gilani was able to provide insider insights that no other financial writer or commentator could hope to match. He drew upon the experiences and network of contacts that he developed through the years to provide Money Morning readers with the “real story” of the credit crisis – and to propose an alternate plan of action. It’s a perspective on the near-financial meltdown that more than a quarter-million readers have read in Money Morning alone – to say nothing of the hundreds of other Internet outlets worldwide that have picked up and published Gilani’s unique insights.

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The Law of Attraction: Is Action Required?

As a Law of Attraction coach, I’m often asked: “Do I need to take action to attract what I desire into my life? And if so, what is the role of action in the process of creating my life?”

The concept of “taking action” is a big stumbling block for many people trying to using the Law of Attraction, and I too have struggled with this from time to time. I believe the definitive answer to these questions can be found in Wallace Wattle’s classic book from 1906, “The Science of Getting Rich.”

Wattles believed that the “advancing person” needed to conduct their affairs in what he termed, “The Certain Way” in order to manifest their desires. This “Certain Way” involved taking efficient action for the betterment of all mankind, not just the individual. It also required acting with a hard-nosed faith that what you are seeking is also seeking you. In other words, you must act from a mindset of faith, and never from a mindset of lack or limitation.

A basic overview of Wallace’s points:

1. Your action can never be to take what you want from another. The desire for “more life” is inherent in all of nature, and your actions should reflect this truth. To this end, competition is strictly forbidden. You never compete with another for what you want, but instead, create abundance in your life, by acting with faith and purpose.

2. You must give the “impression of increase” in all your actions and dealing with others. The means that you must display an attitude of abundance, that you are increasing your lot in life, and give this impression to all. It is not necessary to do this with words-your strongly held faith in your advancement will clearly shine through.

3. You must never do tomorrow’s work today or feel that you must rush or struggle in any way. Doing so will bring you into a mindset of lack and limitation (rushing assumes a lack of time, for example). Assume that the universe is friendly to your plans (it is!), and that no rush or struggle is ever necessary (it’s not).

4. Success breeds success, while failure only breeds failure. It is critical that any action you take is a “successful action.” It does not matter how difficult or easy the task is, what is important is that you do it in a perfectly successful way. Even trivial tasks, like washing the dishes, need to be focused upon and completed successfully. These “trivial” successes form a “pattern of success” which will become your standard operating procedure. As Wallace Wattles put it: “When the majority of your actions are successful, you will be successful.”

5. Take inspired action. Those intuitive ‘nudges” from within are there for a purpose. Learn to act on your impulses and intuitions. Most of the time your gut instincts will be correct. Learn to trust them and act upon them quickly. “Strike while the iron is hot.”

6. “Life gives to the givers, and takes from the takers.” If you want more in your life, start thinking about how you can give more. The more of yourself you can offer to the world, the more you will be rewarded. “How can I serve?” is a great mantra to have if you want to attract great wealth into your life. Understanding this principle has personally changed my life and my finances incredibly. I highly recommend it.

Jon Mercer
http://www.articlesbase.com/self-help-articles/the-law-of-attraction-is-action-required-120911.html

Road Map for Control of Terrorism in India

Road Map for control of terrorism in India

The growing menace of terrorism poses a formidable challenge to the civil society bringing civilization on the brink of disaster. It is needless to elucidate that loss of innocent lives in terrorist activities and trauma it has resulted in the society propelled me to write this article with complete focus on solution functionality, which to my understanding can curb terrorism to a great extent.

India being a very large country, with complex problems clouding socio economic fabric, multi pronged, and pluralistic approach will be instrumental in curbing terrorist attacks which are hitting head lines every other day.

The following measures are suggested:-

1. Short term measures:-

1.1          Administrative measures

Luggage check by public transport operators: - It is impossible for police to check luggage round the clock 365 days. Police can only do brisk and discreet checking.   In order to encourage the operators to check the luggage, luggage checking format with the provision of entering passenger’s basic details and signature or thumb impression should be there. This information and possibility of taxi / Auto driver having a better look on the passenger can be ensured.  A terrorist about to commit a crime is likely to exhibit certain distinctive psychological behavior

·         May show tensed up gait.

·         Unusual generosity to driver

·         High concentration

·         May not be able make eye contact continuously if questioned.

In order to sustain above measures transport operators are to be given financial incentives which citizens will be interested to bear for safety. Incentives may be redeemable against filled in format with certain logical limit and may be adjusted with tax payable. 

1.2 Technological solution:-

A high speed scanner on certain stretch  of the road should be able to detect explosives by virtue of its infra-red signature. It is pertinent to mention that such scanner is already available in the world as created by Wugiang Yang of Manchester University.

Infra-red camera, rudder etc. are also the possibility for use which has the technical potential to detect explosives inside the vehicle.

Since billions of dollars are being spent in order to develop a full proof system, India should join in this venture along with the universities in India and abroad. We may also like to involve the Research organizations, interested talents across India. It is possible to create a platform in this connected world where people can share their expertise in co-ordination with the designated governmental agency that can support the sustainability of the research effort and be empowered to procure required gazettes / explosives in a designated place in the select cities. Interested research groups can be connected by Internet/ Video conferencing during a time, which will be convenient to most of the people.

Unfortunately terrorists seem to take the advantage of the connected world more often than the sane people.

1.3           Intelligence Network: -

Involve local people for gathering information regarding whatever is happening in the locality. A huge intelligence gathering across India within reward scheme for providing information can retard terrorist activities. If any terrorist is captured, it is important to understand his mind by psychoanalyst, Social psychologist by soft and empathetic approach rather getting into punitive third degree methodology right from beginning.

It is also important to maintain confidentiality after thorough dialogue with Media since every time details of investigation is known to everybody by national media, terrorist are getting smarter. Uses of wireless network, refraining from usage of mobile by terrorists are pointers to this fact.

1.4  Political Solution

A federal body involving top legal brains of the country, may be constituted for curbing terrorism from legal standpoint, whose recommendation after debate in parliament’s upper house, may be constitutionally enacted as binding to all political parties and states. It must be remembered that counter terrorism measures should be enforced respecting  international human rights obligations and the basic tenets of the Rule of Law, otherwise it will be self defeating.

1. Medium Term

2.1  Audio Visual Campaign:-

An all out audio visual campaign should be launched in order to counter the hate preaching by certain fundamentalist groups. It is important to study religious scriptures line by line in order to counter the misuse by certain misleading religious leader. Removing terrorism from the minds of people is more important than militarily fight terrorism. Broad minded religious leaders from all cross section of society should be requested to preach people for great cause of national harmony. The superior ingredient of religion can be translated into a motivation that will sanctify society”.

2.2  Conference Room Solution

In the event of brewing conflict in the society, bring the leaders of opposing groups to the conference room. Otherwise even a small discord can aggravate to a great turmoil.

2.3  Rationing Negative News Reporting

It is important to ration negative news reporting in the media. Too much of negative news reporting round the clock is changing the social psychology irreversibly.  It is important to highlight that many positive and innovative activities are taking place in society. Otherwise terrorists will bask on the sensionalism created in media.

2.4  National Forum

It is suggested to create a national forum with online participation of talents all across India not for only discussion  but take decisions on issues of great national importance in consonance with Ministers and IAS officers and political leaders of different parties within the constitutional framework. Following Model may be suggested. Let us create a National Channel and involve talented media personalities from NDTV, Times Now, Headlines Today, CNN etc. evolving an enlightened society to curb the menace of terrorism.  Media brains can anchor the program with the focus on solution functionality rather than only capturing opinions or sterile intellectual exercise. Channel should allow detailed discussion involving an audience all across India either through physical presence or by video conferencing, Internet etc.  Decisions should be taken on the channel itself and Ministers and IAS officers should prepare resolution on the spot itself and read out to nation. It may be noted many discussion in NDTV ushered in epoch making initiatives from Government especially in Indo –Pak relationship. Hence suggested model will be instrumental in encouraging  many initiatives from Government for better tomorrow.

2.5  Invoke Liberal views in the society

Let us involve pious souls like Shri Ravi Shankar, Monks of Ramkrishna Mission and other religious institutions. To my understanding, some of the monks of Ramkrishna Mission are intellectual giants not only because of their knowledge of religious scriptures, but because of their amazing liberal views on social and political issues. Nation should be open to such great souls in our troubled times who can provide radically different solution acceptable to all conflicting parties.

1. Long Term Measures

3.1  Educational Campaign across country:-

Through out the world it is the education which is the ultimate solution for all social problems.  Most of the social problems are arising out of people’s ignorance. Hence Government should invest maximum amount in Education- more than any other sector. One can even do the deficit financing in this area, considering whatever the amount that will be spent today, its effect will be offset by the goods and service generated by the more educated people, as a result of the education drive. It requires no explanation that educated and enlightened individuals will definitely promote peace and harmony in the society.

3.2  Socio-Economic Solution

Oppression and wide spread neglect of human rights and denial of  hope of better future for common people are the fertile ground for breeding terrorism.  Social, economic and political disparities in a large scale engender conflicts within the State and beyond.

Policy makers should ensure that a balance is maintained all across India. It is not important to have world class facilities only in select cities, it rather important that most of the people in India should be put on survival economy. Any meaningful endeavor to resolve conflicts and terrorism will have to ensure enjoyment  the full range of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by the citizens. Political leaders have to rise above narrow interest and  limit the uneven economic development in India as much as possible. It may be argued that all out development in all villages in India will require astronomical amount and India may not have so much of resources. But on the contrary, amount required to curb social unrest and terrorism is not less either. At least let us share resource judiciously for the unfortunate section of the humanity. In that process, all of them may not live in prosperity but they will not starve either. Once we start contributing something for the nation with little honesty and sincerity, a miraculous result will follow- and that my belief.

3.3    Defusing religious extremism:- One major  factor leading to terrorist activities for imposing so called religious or ideological intent needs to be defused by counter campaign which will convince people regarding the rationale of non violent approach against hatred policy of  misguided fanatics. Society’s condemnation  to a climate of religious bigotry, which leads to discrimination, harassment and attacks on all those who are believers of other faiths, has to be very strong, otherwise indifference of the society to such acts will only encourage fundamentalism. Government must encourage, fund and protect NGO who will be focusing on defusing religious extremism.

Dwijadas Ghosal
http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/road-map-for-control-of-terrorism-in-india-693162.html

Cyclic Character of Modern Economic Development

Important appropriateness of  development of modern economy is its cycled  character. Puriny every structural crisis of the world economy new opportunities are formed. Capital of the countries, which were leaders during last cycle, is being devaluated. Qualification  of lab our forces in field using old technologies are being ruined, while the countries, which managed to create innovational potential proved to be in the center of attracting capital which is independent from the old production. Consequently, the countries that implemented  scientific-technical and industrial capital investment policy in prospective fields will be given a competitive advantage. The realization of  this policy in the phase  of structural crisis gives its authors the opportunity to achieve  economic growth on the  basis of competitive advantage.

Basic scientific and radical innovations are recognized as the main means of overcoming structural crisis, that are implement thought acquiring new achievements and rising the effectiveness of traditional development .

In order to move to the stable stage of economic develop it’s important to increase innovational-investment act vitas and to involve new technological directions and basic technologies at trajectory  of firm economic development. The economic policy that is oriented at encouraging  investment, in innovations provide modernization of economy, also gives rise to its competitiveness.

Innovative way of development in investment policy. Thus, the main importance is given to the innovative type of development, that implies the growth of government role in exercising investment policy. Highly development countries. Take the responsibility of financing fields like fundamental  science and high-risk research, as well as the development of scientific research infrastructure. Spreading new ideas and educating population. The implementation of this functions takes place against the background of high-scale investments. that creates favorable conditions  for production growth on the basis of scientific innovations.

Currently, the government tries to develop institutions that will support vestment in new  technologies, stimulate innovative activities, encourage progressive technological changes, that unities financial tab our and informational recourses.

Currently government  tries to create development institutions , which will support investments in new technologies, stimulate innovative activities, encourage progressive technological changes, that unites financial, lab our and informational resources. The state may avoid the responsibility of developing   the production activities , where special markets and competitive relations are formed. At the same time it must encourage new, high-risk directions of investment activities, that pave the way to creating production on the   basis introducing scientific and technical achievements.

For example the wave of economic regulations that spread from developing countries in the late 8 th lost century covered the traditional branches of economy but it had no connection with high-technological sector, conversely the importance of direct state support institutions for innovation activities were risen. At the same time, the importance of working out state strategy for scientist technical and social economic development grows. The state aims at creating enterprises , that will manage to gain com putative advantage over the companies of inner and foreign markets. They  must consentrate their resourses on prospective  fields of production.

The direct instruments of state influence are oriented at supporting  private initiatives and innovative enterprises that will stimulate investment activities in certain fields and production initiatives.

The necessity of financing science and its current condition:

Active investment process, especially in scientific and technological fields, innovative and scientific-technical activities lays in the foundation for economic growth. Nowadays the decline in scientific technical potential is caused by  the fact that there is no more unity between scientific researches and their usage  former. scientific staff has been dismantled  and number of intellectuals have left the country.

Consequently, the country becomes more dependent on foreign trader.

So, in order to create favorable conditions for economic growth capital renewal is essential, but it’s very complicated, because of  the decrease in state financing and absence of ordering production, Science and education have no inner resources for development.

During the last few years there has been significant  reduction of scientific and educational research expenditures. As a result, the share of expenditures in GWP spent on science in 1999 amounted to 0,97%, which is twice less than in 1990. In 2006, the expenses spent on educational field amounted to only 1,5% of the GWP, which is the lowest index among the transitional countries.

Significant reduction of company’s demand on innovations resulted in increase of financing Scientific field from the state budget. Budgetary expenditures on scientific-research and construction work have been absolutely reduced and they are tend to decline against the GWP as veil as the budgetary share of the expenses. The degradation of Scientific potential is proved by sharp decline in expenditures used in research and construction work pond it resulted in dropping behind highly developed countries. Expenditures on Scientific research in the USA (1998) amounted to 794% per person, in Japan – 715. in Germany 511 and 611in Russia, whilst in Georgia it only amounted to 2,8%.

Due to the sharp decline in financing the Scientific field, renovation of scientific facilities detoriorated. The salaries in Scientific field were decreased, The coefficient of renewing main foundations in Scientific technical field significantly dicreased. According to the latest statistical data, 311 ml. Gel was invested in renewing main capital, that amounted to 60% of all the capital invested, in Georgia Instead of renewing Countrys technical market, most of the capital was invested  in activities connected to local market. 29% of this capital was invested in real estate and construction worth.24% in transportation and communications The problem of heeping, supporting and developing fundamental and research centers of science aggravated. During the Soviet era 20% of production was created in the USSR, but now Georgia’s shave in the  World scientific production in only 0,3%.Implementation of innovations require a wide range of activities, from doing research to producing new output. Priorities of innobative activities change at every stage of economic development.

In order to achieve economic growth in current conditions in the country. it is necessary to develop scientific innovations that create new and don’t take into consideration current directions of technological development This lays the foundation for putting so-called innobative multiplication into motion. which is connected to investments and results in production increase. that creates improved scientific innovations. They exchange old technologies. Introduction of this innovations is exercised by new investments, that encourage the further growth in production. Thus, innovative multiplication makes good influence on production growth and takes the economy out of depression and leads it to a long-term development stage.

Distribution of investments on Scientific – technical works.

It’s relatively typical for developed countries to distribute private and state capital investments even on scientific and technical works. For example, The USA’s private investment share in innovative market amounts to 50%. Similarly, according to the figures of state Expertise, 10% of innovations is given a strategically important status and accordingly they are financed from government sources. Japan finances 33% of all scientific research, 73% of scientific-research and constructive works is implemented on the basis of self – financing in the USA, in Germany this index amounts to 70%, in Japan and UK 62%, France and Italy 57%, So the only possible mechanism for promoting social and economic development is it’s technical modernization and move to innovative type of development.

Technical modernization of equipments and their reconstruction requires attracting important investments in innovative field. Here it is important to activate state policy on scientific and technical branches and to work out important directions for scientific-industrial development of economy. AT the same time, the state, that takes important part on technical modernization of the economic sector must take the responsibility of financing fundamental sector of science and high-risk researches, restore activity of  science financing from the state budget and develop scientific infrastructure. In order to define the proportions of sharing investments its essential to focus on cyclical development of economy and, on Intensive types of re-production, that is reflected on the statistical law of dividing expenditures, for example, spending on fundamental research, applied work, capital investment amounts to 1:3:9:27.

Statistical law of resource division in accordance with scientific-technical potential is used at the production development stage where scientific and technical progress is achieved by practical laws, which help to solve the problems of production stabilization and development.

The reason of decrease in scientific potential the decrease in scientific potential in post communist countries is  caused by lack of restructuring  scientific organizations privatization of research centers has   not brought any desirable results. The reason for this is that enterprises don’t order them to do research. Simultaneously,  scientific staff has got older, the last tend years science suffered from loosing its intellectual potential. In this case, it will  be reasonable to merge different scientific organizations and some research institutions must be transferred to enterprises to manage , in this way  scientific technical potential will become much  stronger.

The sources and ways of funding science restructuring research institutions and dividing it into firms with developed financial, economic marketing and commercial infrastructures will increase the practical use of research work results. Contract based applied science makes the realization of  scientific technical projects they will be implemented at the expense of the state budget, non state expenses attracted by Ventura, sharing  other financial mechanisms. The question of mobilizing these sources  can be solved on the basis of aimed, scientific and technical programs on regional and federal levels in accordance with the market demand.

They can be implemented in the    form of portfolio investments using stock marked tools. Providing  the state with grants and sale guarding institutions by investment agency and trust management has practical  us eye. For forming non budgetary recourses for financial    innovations it is necessary  to use amortization funds on renovation in the part, where production expenses, especially those. spent on research and innovations. are taken into consideration as well as the expenses of wearing out financial expenses , that is included  in the production cost and is reflected on the production prize. In addition to that revenues that  came from selling scientific-technical production, or having the right to own intellectual and industrial units as well as the revenues from scientific and technical units and selling the right to own them must  be considered, too.

The role of innovation foundations .

Practical usage of abovementioned sources is implemented according to the special rules and amounting , on the basis of used methods. The expenses received from these sources are transferred  to a separate  sub account `innovation foundation”  Greeting. State funds for innovations which is aimed at realizing prospective directions  of science  and technical development enables to  work out modern competitive production and organize its production. besides using state budgets expenses,   other  market mechanisms for attracting investments are used as well .

Nowadays mechanism for investing in innovations are used only in case banking structure , which mobilizes recourses and regulates this use in science is taken  into consideration banking  structures directed at investments, accumulate vast sums through creating consortiums and other financial and investment institutions, in order to attract own funds for innovative programs of investment. On condition of Budgetary deficit banks au the phases of innovative   cycle and provide insurance service. Participation of banks in the field creates extra   stimulus for different firms. No other structure manages and controls innovative recourses as the banks.

Effective use of stock market instruments provide opportunities  to attract investments in innovative field. Its main aim is to divide investment recourses among fields and provide inner and foreign  investment flows in more prospective sectors of national economy. Transitional economy doesn’t provide the conditions for populations to transform their savings  into innovative investments and provide economic growth. Monetary potential saved in the country is practically unused. According the same data the amount of savings is much more higher than in the USA and west European countries. In order to invest funds existing in the country in essential sectors of economy it is necessary to make the forms of collective investment perfect, it includes. investment share  funds, credit contacts joint stack and commercial funds . After that government should control their activity and they must draw their . attention to new forms of scientific-innovative and investment forms.

Main stages of innovative development.

Innovative development of economy as any process must be oriented at its stages, levels and phases. First of all the technological basis of the field  whose production has more demand on the market must be renovated. At the  same time the market is expanding  with importing goods, introducing innovations that is oriented at modernizing  recourse-saving technologies and improving consuming qualities. So at this stage our main aim is to create infrastructural and institutional grounds for firming scientific technological  potential. than we have to organize the enterprises that produce and sell new technological range-that enables the country  to restore its positions on the world market of scientific technologies.  Simultaneously the role of the country in production and investment activities that is directed at commercializing innovations must be strengthened. Little  by little of will move from supporting  quantity aspects of scientific technical field to quality aspects and to new  forms of engineering, that use  modern informational technologies.

Main directions of state investment innovative policy of the state in future main directions of  state innovative investment policy are: 1. choosing national priorities of innovative field development for realizing innovative projects, choosing the projects of technologies that influence production growth and rise in country’s  competitiveness. 2. Coordination of activities of  legislative and  executive bodies to work out complex approach to solve this question concerning country’s innovative development, effective functioning of innovative systems and implementation of state’s innovative investment strategy.

3. maintaining and developing scientific and industrial-technological potential of fundamental science, working out employee’s training system for maintaining and developing modern scientific and technological level and developing science to a higher level.

4. Providing favorable economic and financial conditions for activating innovative works, developing ventral, engineering and investment-industrial activities and for rising competitiveness creating  favorable conditions for investing in innovation field enables  modernization of scientific and technical basis of national industry as well as rising the competitions of the country.

New directions of innovative activities and priorities of innovation policy consists of three stages. At on initial stage the main goals are reproduction of the technical basis of the field whose production has stable demand on the market than market expands by producing the goods that replace the imported ones  innovations  are oriented  at modernizing the enterprises, that  use the recourse-saving technologies and improve consuming qualities. So at first it’s necessary to create economic infrastructural and institutional basis for moving to investment stages of state development. At the second  stage the enterprises  that realize the technological order are created. After that the production is introduced on inner and foreign markets that  makes production competitive in the sector where national product were not presented before, and it creates new scopes for demand, where national products dominates to must the demands. At this stage country’s activities are directed at attracting high-scale private investments, creating necessary infrastructure for investment-development their support and perfection.

At the third stage the following important questions must be solved. Country’s support for innovative infrastructure, creating conditions for demand on national products, informational support to enterprises making stable contact with science and industry.

New ways of implementing scientific-innovative  and engineering activities.

A State focuses on new forms of scientific innovation and engineering, that use modern informational technologies and little by little they move from quantity aspects to quality ones, that are implemented in the following way:

1. Maintaining and developing scientific and industrial potential and using them in achieving modern technological level.

2 Choosing rational strategy and priorities for developing innovative field. Implementation  of critical technology and innovative projects in the fields that  influence the effectivness of production and their competitiveness.

3. Creating favorable economic and financial condition for activating innovative works, legal industry and competitiveness.    

-           To implement this measures following practical activities must be exercised:

The process of providing information must be radically improved and commercial structures must be involved in developing scientific educational and innovative activities.

- reconstructing the part of research and project institutions and closing the places working ineffectively.

- Creating the system at venture investment. state support of venture business in scientific technical field is necessary until the industry get interested in them.

- Developing the system of noon. state innovative risk and private  supplly, creating insurance groups within the framework of financial-industrial groups, that will undertake high-risk insurance, that is linked with creating innovative production. insurance companies, together will share the risk.

- Using modern methods for prognosing engineering and scientific production marketing.

-  Developing small innovative business by creating favorable conditions and infrastructure for setting up small enterprises and their functioning.

- Creating suitable legislation, that will regulate relations in intellectual  property field, work out normative acts that are directed at exercising state policy. It foresees involving the results of scientific-technical results in industrial circulation, that is implemented at the expence of the state budget.

- making typical state contracts in order to balance legal interests of the participants in the process from the point of using scientific-technical results.

Thus, following the innovative way of development, must not be the only factor white  working out investment policy. In connection to that, the role of country is defined by creating the mechanisms, which forms national innovative system and develops innovative production.

Creating favorable conditions for developing innovations provides modernization of technological basis of the economy and grows the competitive of national production.

- Preparing typical state contract for balancing legal interests of those who participate in the process of using the results of scientific-technical work.

So the main factor while working out investment policy is to move economy to the innovative way of development. In this regard a country’s main role is to create the mechanisms, that will provide the formation of national innovative system and development of innovative business, that will make the modernization of economy’s technological market of the economy possible and will give risk to competitiveness of national production.

The formation of adequate investment activity model in the market system of economy provides replacement of investment recourse division with new forms of investments. For its part it has to work out the investment policy, that will accord with changed economic conditions.

Official concept of reforming Georgia’s market economy is based on simple monitory principles. Their realization was expressed in size minimizing the country’s role, robotizing foreign economic activities, privatizing state property and forming market structures.

The principles, boundaries and forms of state participation in investment activity

Analysis of Georgian-economic conditions shows that solving important problems in country’s investment development is impossible only on the basis of self regulation, that is distinguished with its low quality. A state needs to strengthen its role in the field of investments, correct economic policy.  At the same time state participation boundaries in the investment process must be defined by taking the way of economic development, that is characteristic to the period of moving to market economy, into consideration conditions of strengthening the state role in the investment process.

Analyzing the possibilities of strengthening state role in investment process, we must take into consideration the fait, that counting’s participation in the process has same boundaries, these boundaries are defined by real financial possibilities, on  the other hand the country must encourage the process of attracting investment rather than blocking them. State participation in investment process is not the same as turning economy to administration process. It implies the increase of a long-term policy of the state, effectiveness of particular activities in the conditions of encouraging investments.

The topic of state participation pineapples in the investment activities is closely linked with limiting necessary financial potential for investment promotion Approximate calculations show that in order to restore the amount of investment to the pre-reform level, foreign investment growth is possible. According to 2002-2012state program in the next five years 10 $ are expected.

As we have at ready mentioned the role of the country as the investor in the market economy is maintained for the fields that are vital and important. More importance is given to regulating the investment process in the way, that creates favorable regime for private investors activities.

The conditions existing in Georgian economic investment strategy is oriented at moving from stable investments to creating necessary investment environment for private investors. These two parts that are essential for the state investment policy must support prosperous fields of production and the policy must have systematic character. 

Defining strategic priorities of investments.

 On defining strategic priorities we must take into consideration competitive advantage exiting on the world market, that is reflected on high-technologies. The brunches which maintain potential advantages are: energy sector, turism, agricultural machines and technologies, food etc .

Investing in innovative production will encourage new directions for investment flow, rising production level and encouraging economic growth. This approach is well known in the world products. Our priority must be effective programs that meet inner needs in economy, in this regard we  have to support national enterprises, and the development of vital brunches of economy.

At the same time it must be taken into account that in the world integrated economy, development of investment cannot be stable and increasing source of profit in producing rival products only in the inner market.

Significant  condition of effectiveness in the state investment policy is to work out the conception of structural alteration in industrial sector. It’s especially concerns about such prioritative approaches according which must be defined the reform strategy and mechanism of industries from different groups, supporting forms and methods from the state, organization models of industrial structures in accordance with real, amongst them institutional conditions in the world economy.

The basis of economic growth and quick development can be large corporations, that have scientific – technical potentials in mobilizing resources and effective  integration possibilities in the world industrial unions. Small business industries, that have really important meaning for the function of market economy, nowadays are singled out with extremely low technical level and lack of investment resources, that make it necessary  to quest  their place in industrial chains of the large structures. The formation of stable and effectively developing, diversificational, corporative unions and financial-industrial groups demand state supporting reinforcement of corporative circle from the state, amongst  them even by means of participation of corporations in the capital. Development of corporative forms will help the realization of long term industrial programs, and create conditions for the stable economic growth.

Stirring to activity of stake investment politics. At a modern stage, stirring to activity of stake investment about the stable economic growth in the basic condition of Georgian economy. Essential approaches of stake investment politics are: the reinforcement of supporting in prroritative tendencies of economic development formation of justifiable and economic conditions of stimulating the interest of investments in the real sector of economy and the agreement between central and regional investment politics.

State investments and supporting in prioritative tendencies of economic development. The realization of up-to-date tasks of economic development demands more active state backing of investment field. Simultaneously, the importance of state investment must be growing up not as mush from the standpoint of size of centralized sources, but from the positions of state guarantees, insurance and orient list of private investors.

The problems of investment budgetary financing. Budgetary financing of investment activities has still been happening on the basis of these approaches that essentially limit the state influence on the course market alterations and structural changings in economy.

Herewith, these shortcomings are not as mush conditioned by restricted possibilities of budgetary system, as by complicated and wrong strategies of sharing centralized investments and the lack of effective control of their usage.

Failures in the state investment politics make it necessary to solve this problem, as afterwards not having orientation or having defective one becoming the problem investors. Analysis confirms the existence of distinct dependence between state priorities and investment motivations of private investors. that must surely be taken into account while working out on perspective tendencies of investment politics. Otherwise  it will be impossible to make ground for stake investment politics and for the agreement of investors’ interests of different levels. Reserved dimensions will again have more passive character and will not guarantee planned results. It must also be mentioned that insufficient or unsystematic backing of separate manufacturers or regions, falls down stimuli of accumulation and afterwards self-financing process and it prevents the formation of business executives market behavior.

While analyzing the problem about the possibilities of manufacturers’ investment support it is impossible not to take into consideration the extreme restriction of budget/ At the same time, modern conditions, the increase of levels in the realization clearness and confirmation of investment politics and consideration of budget planning reality are not less important.

In Georgian economy. where unreliable forms of calculation dominate. it is difficult to male real prognoses about the mass index of money. Budgetary politic is being worked out in the conditions of complicated factors, that aggravates the difficulty of real budget formation and fulfillment of the received one.

State investments, as in the realization of economic growth of prioritative factor; usage of international experience will not be perspective without mentioning up-to-date conditions of Georgian state finances and the inevitability of budget  system alternation. e.g. one of the successful example of economic reforms is the experience of Germany. Its budget system is well formed and it is manifested clearly in the distinction of current and investment expenses in the control of pure usage of budget sources in establishment and protection of maximum size of budget deficit financing at the expense of credits with the sum of for seen investments expenses. This method is called “golden rule” and is established the 115th article of the basic law of Germany.

In Georgian economy, as it is clear from the results of reforms, the compensation of the growth of state non-productive expenses was not happening, correspondingly with the growth of budget investment expenses. On the contrary, it was one of the factors, that conditioned the reduction of state centralized investments and weakening of state investment function. In accordance with, the usage of state investments as the factor of economic growth, requires essential changing’s in the organizations of budget politic and budget system.

While working on the budget, it is necessary to define the prioritative tendencies and use the forming principle of the normative that define the levels of budget, according to the singled out tendencies; division of current and investment budget on the normative basis, denial the possibility of exceeding expenses over incomes while planning the budget; strict definition of sources, how to cover the investment budget deficits. It is also necessary of budget on the usage of sources in control realization technology, in order to reinforce the frscal role of budget fulfillment.

An  important problem, connected to the usage of state investments is their low effectiveness compared with the private ones. While sharing the state Financial resources, used tendencies do not help to increase the effectiveness of investment and restructure national economy.

In the organization of investment process, lack of systematic ground and insufficient quality of budget planning caused permanent  failures in financing the state investment programmers.

This fact approves  that, it is necessary to reinforce the role of selective approach, gather state investments towards the strictly defined prioritative approaches, keep strict control and select competitive projecting during state investment.

Selecting mechanism of investment projects on the basis of competition/ In market economy, where basic criterion of investment is the effectiveness of investment, it is impossible to use the old technologies of sharing unpaidly, among enterprises in centralized capital investments, which don’t stimulate industries to improve their effectiveness, as direct state investments are less effective compared with the private ones. Thus, the most acceptable approach is the state supporting to private investments.

State supporting to private investments is realized in these investment  projects by means of the partial participation of the state, which have passed the competitive casting. The goal of centralized investment resources on the competitive basis is the reinforcement of investment assets, mobilization of private national and foreign investor’s capital towards the prioritative approach in economic development, and the growth of effectiveness in all forms of property such as commercial, budgetary and national-economic investments.

A new rule of financing investment projects in the financial ensuring of investment competent project, gives the right to investors to choose the participation forms. These forms can be as follows:

State investment revocable two year-term credit; its payment percent for the usage, compiles ¼ of central banks refunding rate;

to strengthen the port of these shares of an oncoming enterprise in the state property, that is sold in the market from the income of investment project during two years and the income obtained in this way goes to the state budget.

While taking decision about giving funds from central budget, a leading criterion is to insure the setting of object (industrial powers) into action in the given term, in the conditions of decreasing funds, attracted from the state budget and to increase the effectiveness of the usage of centralized resources.

The obligatory conditions, to present investment projects for the competition are:

In the total amount of money, spent on project realization, the share of centralized investment resources must not be exceeded more than 20%, it must be ensured at the expense of private investor’s own, attracted and borrowed funds.

In total amount of common expenses, investor’s own share mustn’t be less than 20%.

In the field of investors’ supporting, new approaches such as connection to the certification of investment projects, giving state guarantees, creating the budget for development are used.

Certification of investment projects, defines the possibility of increasing state supporting share up to 50%, while such analogies are not producing industrial products for exportation about 30% – for importation, with less price.

In the conditions of budget funds restriction, many investors consider the state guarantees of certified projects, as the most desirable form of state supporting. Guarantees secure about refunding not the total amount of money of risk, but part of it, in case of failure the effective investment project realization, due to the reasons that are not in investor’s compensation; On its side, investor must present counter-guarantees, amongst-mortgage.

Development budget can be formed as the special instrument, that collects investment resources of state budget in order to finance investment projects and attract the funds of private investors.

Development budget resources can be used for partial financing of investment projects, at the initial – competitive, valuable and refundable stages, also the borrowed funds for giving state guarantees on the competitive basis. (When upper limit of guarantees compiles 40% of borrowed funds).

In the competition of procuring the funds for development budget, such investment projects should be taken, that satisfy the following conditions:

Correspondence of development budget to the goals;

Security of positive meanings of pure discounting income;

In the total amount of money for project realization, investor’s own share mustn’t be less than 20%, but for large projects (more than 50 million $ – less than 30%.)

In the countries of developed economy, as a rule, examination of investment projects is made by experts, invited by investors themselves or by the participant financial institutes of project financing.

Selective, restricted supporting of prioritative approaches in industrial development by governments and the competitive selection of effective projects gives distinct results. Foreign experience proves that, such measures, as a rule is an efficacious stimulus of investment attraction and helps to realize projects.

Governance of state property in the state economic sector.

Governance of state property, as the factor of investment effectiveness in the state economic sector. Activation of the state role in the investment field, implies the development of state governance, reaching quantitatively higher level, restructurization of state sector and development for investment providence.

In must be said that, in the countries even under developed market economy, the governance of state sector is fulfilled under strict state governance control, from the interests of national economic development. State sector fulfillers the supporting function only for vitally important and unprofitable industries, but also stimulates local industries.

State sector, must distinctly occupy the leading positions in achieving priorities of economic development and form the potential of economic growth. Simultaneously, investment projects of state industries must be drawn up according to the demands of competition and effectiveness. It is essential that, invested funds to be used purposefully and the movement of financial flows be controlled strictly by the state.

Herewith, while realizing state activities in the real field (amongst in the field of investments), stimulation in  the activities of analogical faces in  non-state sector and not their restriction must surely be taken into account, as enterprises under  the state support are stable on the one hand, but less effective on the other side.

Activation of the state investment role must not be manifested only in effective investment projects of science-capacious industries, high technologies and vitally important fuelds by direct participation. More important constituent part of investment supporting of society in the conditions of market relation development is the encouragement of economic subjects’ investment activities and it must be oriented on progressive structural alteration. This implies the working out of optimum methods of economic regulation, development of accumulation mechanisms and active assistance to turn them into industrial investments.

Formation of institutional-legal and economic surroundings for the stimulation of investments in the real sector of economy.

Greating the available conditions for increasing investment actives by the state, requires purposeful influence on reproductive processes at macro and micro-economic levels. This. most important sphere, where the activation of the state investment role must be manifested effectively and in a new manner, at a new stage of economic reforms is – monetary-credit field.

Monetary-credit methods for investment stimulating. Insuring the growth of stable investments, first of all implies the augmentation of economic monetarism, era diction of money disproportions, reduction of interest rate, renewal of taxation system, depolarization of national currency and its role augmentation.

The increase of economic monetarism is possible by means of restriction of monetary-credit emission. While defining the level of danger of its inflation results, it must be mentioned, that inflation can also be caused by the other factors, besides emission. Thus, struggle against it, cannot be defined only at the basis of emission restriction. First of al it is necessary to provide the functioning of manufacture solidly. The growth of monetarism level in the real sector of Georgian economy is the most indispensable condition, that on its  side is the leading, deflationary factor.

Essential condition to protect against  the inflated results of monetary-credit emission is to create and put in motion such mechanisms, that change macroeconomic conditions and direct money-flows for supporting manufacture. During the process of using such approach, the size of emission defines the objective demand of industrial sector of economy, expert the funds moved to financial markets.

While defining the parameters of purposeful growth of money, calculation of the structure of money delivery is vitally important. Different channels of money emission have heterogeneous sensibility towards the inflation.  Therefore, expansion of money delivery is possible by payment of promissory notes of non financial industries, by means of banks refinancing and under the purposeful direction of emitted sources to finance the industrial investments. Less inflation channel of emission  is financing industrial investments by the state institutes of development.

Basic instrument for the regulation of money flows, is purposefully the state influence on the dynamic of interest rates. e.g Project supporting of the most importantly acknowledged industries for the purpose of investment activation is possible with preferential rates and by credits. Movement of preferential credits, this time must be realized by state banks system of development and the strict control establishment must expel the usage of funds aimlessly and financial speculations.

Experience of the countries under market economy shows that, regulation of interest rates is generally effective method to reinforce business activity in the period of crisis, when disbalance of economic systems situation is deepening. After achieving balanced progress in economic balance and financial sectors, generally the necessity of state interference in economy is lessening and accordingly the role of state influence on the dynamics of interest rates, formed on money markets is also decreasing.

The usage of state regulation is distinctly cyclic. In the conditions of sharp structural disproportions, when the working of market mechanism can’t provide the keeping, on the one hand, development  of surplus production and devaluation of main capital off, but  on the other hand augmentation of investment activity, the role of state influence on economy, amongst in the field of purposeful control on money flow is expanding, but while moving to the stable growth of economy-decreasing  . It is proved  by the practical analysis about getting over the structural depressants  (post war) in Western European countries and in the USA, and by the restoration of economy in France and Germany.

State regulation of interest rates was applied in the countries, under developed market economy (post war-in Japan, during along period –in France and in the USA during the period of so called `Roosevelt’s new policy, as well as the range of those developing countries , that showed the solid high tempers of economic growth (India, China, South – Eastern Asian countries etc). Important scales of accumulation here was reached for the purpose of national manufacture development, as a result of active influence on interest rates ( on its side, accumulation made it possible to hasten the speeds of economic development) also, for this purpose, direct and indirect methods for the purposeful regulation of money flow and inner accumulations convert into investment were used, namely for the formation of development state banks, loan-saving association and other  specialized credit institutes, through founding district  normative of credit politics for non-state banks and rates of preferential taxation.

For example, in Japan, investment financing and production growth conditions were formed through the state control strengthening on using the population savings and interest rates, which were gathered in postal-saving institutions and banks, afterwards their remittance to the state institutes, long-term crediting banks and truste savings banks took place.

Savings transt formation mechanism into investments in the USA was based on the wide development of loan-savings associations, that attracted the savings of private sector for giving purposeful credits to the range of housing construction and industrial branches.

In many developing countries, stable growth of economy was conditioned by localization of the greater share of money flow in the state banks, that locate mobilized savings in industrial investments and crediting resources, in accordance with the installed priorities of social-economic development.

Improving the structure  of mass of money is also connected to the cutting down  the share of cash, that is in circulation, for what it is necessary to set up strict  restrictions about the cash payment in all the field of economy, to continue calculation through computers and widen barren forms of  payment circulation. Taking these measures will expense the business economic field of banking sector and will be propitious for investment potential growth of the banks.

One of the basic task of payment system, at modern stage is its complete renewal, restriction of barter transaction, driving a great part of taxation means out of circulation, as they don’t  play a part of complete recourse in the formation of saving potential. Main ways to solve this problem are following: realization of inter imputation for financing fixed and circulating capitals, reduction the price of credit resources and security of plural debts.

For increasing the regulation effectiveness of money circulation and expel the activation possibilities of such emissive mechanisms, which are not accompanied with the expansion of goods delivery, it is necessary to strengthen the control and currency regulation.

Formation of effective infrastructure of financial market.

A) The influence on the investments activity of banks.

Looking through the previous system of regulation (in accordance with the selective priorities of economic politics) requires changings of the forms and methods in the banking sector and restructurization of banking system in economy, by meant realization of investment functions of the banks. Restructurized banking system must comply the requirements of armful investing  through high trustworthiness and guidance. It must also ensure the appropriate level of credit delivery resources by means of available interest rates for manufacturing fields.

In the growth of investment activity of banking system, it is essentially important to create the system of investment encouragement and insurance. State guarantees existence is one of the condition just for this. Cutting down the normatives of reserve assignments and preferential taxation are also belonged to these activities.

B) Creation of the system of deposit guarantees.

World experience shows that, the establishment of deposit guarantees is the inevitable component for vast mobilization of the population savings. It potentially increases separate institutes as well as the liquidity of the whole system and is the reliable means against taking deposits unexpectedly and frequently out of the banks.

One of the first systems for deposit insurance was formed in the USA in 1933-34, as a result of additional stabilizers investigation in marketing economy. Nowadays, these systems operate in the range of developing countries (Argentina, Colombia and so on).  Herewith in Great Britain, in the USA and in Canada, they are performed with independent state corporations, but in France and Sweden and private banking links. In Austria, Great  Britain and the Netherlands in the case of broken credit organizations, private deposits are given; In Germany deposit delivery of credit institutes are addressed to, while in Canada – deposit delivery, managing the property of bank and giving crediting guarantees are addressed to.

                                                          Economic Dr of Science,

                                                          professor Lamara Qoqiauri

lamara qoqiauri
http://www.articlesbase.com/economics-articles/cyclic-character-of-modern-economic-development-689678.html

Move Away Cases – Move Away Madness in Child Custody Proceedings

When a custodial parent in a child custody proceeding requests a move away order from the court allowing him/her to move away a significant distance such that it would interfere with the noncustodial parent’s visitation and his/her contact with the children, this is commonly referred to as a move away case. A move away case is one of the most difficult cases for the family courts to hear because the request by the custodial parent to move away with his/her children often has a negative impact on the amount of time and frequent and continuous contact the children will have with the noncustodial parent. Some jurisdictions are permissive in how they rule on move away cases and other jurisdictions are more restrictive.

States in which the statutory language and case law pertaining to move away cases is more permissive may result in having more permissive rulings on move away cases. In such states, there may be a strong presumption that the parent that has primary physical custody of the children has the right to move away with the children and the burden to prevent the move away rests squarely on the noncustodial parent to make a showing that the move away is done in bad-faith or the move away would be detrimental to the welfare of the children. Further, states that are more permissive in how they rule on move away cases may not require the custodial parent to show that the move is expedient to the child’s welfare or even necessary. In other words, if the move away is good for the custodial parent, then the move away is presumed to automatically be good for the children. As a result of such a high burden being placed on the noncustodial parent to prevent the move away, affecting a move away case has become the perfect battleground for some custodial parents to alienate the noncustodial parent from his/her children.

In other jurisdictions, the statutory language and case law pertaining to move away cases may be more restrictive and a higher burden is placed on the custodial parent seeking a move away order to demonstrate that the move away is in good-faith, necessary, expedient to the welfare of the children, and/or in the best interest of the children. In such states, rulings regarding move away cases may result in more restrictive move away decisions.

Overall, move away cases often have an all or nothing feel to them, especially for the noncustodial or left-behind parent. A move away case can change a child’s relationship with the left behind parent and it may never be the same as a result of a move away. A move away case is not about whether or not the parent can move away, it is about whether or not the parent can move away with his/her children. If you are seeking a move away order or trying to prevent a move away order you would be wise to consult an attorney to find out if your jurisdiction is more permissive or restrictive in how they rule on move away cases.

© 2007 Child Custody Coach

Child Custody Coach supplies information, online materials, and coaching services to parents in the field of child custody, namely, divorce, child custody and visitation, child custody evaluations, 730 evaluations, parenting, and all issues related to child custody and divorce. “How to Win Child Custody – Proven Strategies that can Win You Custody and Save You Thousands in Attorney Cost!” is a unique child custody strategy guide written by The Custody Coach and made available by Child Custody Coach in an easy to read, understand, and apply E-Book format. Custody Match is an online consumer and family law attorney matching service to help you in your search for the right attorney for your divorce or child custody case. Custody Match can help you find the right family law attorney, divorce lawyer, or child custody attorney in your area.

Steven Carlson
http://www.articlesbase.com/divorce-articles/move-away-cases-move-away-madness-in-child-custody-proceedings-95767.html